Gap filling with & without clues

Gap filling with & without clues

Gap Filling Kivi ‡ÿ‡Î Grammar Gi wbqg Kvbyb Abymib Ki‡Z n‡e| Sentence ¸‡jvi evievi c‡o A‡_©i mv‡_ wgj †i‡L GKwU kã emv‡Z n‡e| ZvQvov kãwU emv‡bvi mgq Parts of speech jÿ¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| m‡ev©cwi Tense , Subject verb agreement , voice m¤ú‡K© fvj aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e|

wb‡Pi Tips Gi g‡a¨ wKQz Grammatical Terms Av‡Q| G¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡j Gap filling with Ges without clues c~iY Kiv 80% m¤¢e|

·        Doer/Agent: Verb Gi KvR †h Noun ev  Pronoun  mv¤ú`b K‡i  Zv‡K doer ev agent e‡j|

·        Active : ev‡K¨i  Subject hw` Doer nq ZLb Verb wU  Active  Voice G n‡e|

·        Passive : ev†K¨i subject hw` edoer bv nq ZLb verb wU passive voice – G n‡e|

·        Modal : ‡h Helping verb g~j  verb Gi mood  cªKvk K‡i Zv‡K Modal Auxiliaries e‡j| h_v : Can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must BZ¨vw`|

·        Determiner : ‡h kãmg~n ‡Kvb  noun Gi msL¨v ev cwigvY wbw`óZv cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K determiner e‡j| h_v : a, an, the, no, any, some, many, few, much, his, her, your, their, my, our BZ¨vw`|

·        Infinitive : To + verb Gi g~j from ‡K infinitive e‡j| KL‡bv KL‡bv To Dn¨ ZvK‡Z cv‡i |

·        Gerund : Ing hy³ verb hw` noun  wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Gerund  e‡j| g‡b iv‡L‡e verb Gi g~j form Gi mv‡_ ing ‡hvM Kiv nq|

·        Linking verb : ‡h verb Gi ci subject ‡K eY©bvKvix noun/ adjeective _v‡K Zv‡K  Linking verb e‡j|†hgb : be, look, seem, taste  BZ¨vw`|

1. (i) am/is/are/was/were  Gici hw` gap Zv‡K Ges subject wU hw` Doer nq Z‡e ing hy³ GKwU verb em‡e: We are ( destroy )—forests. Ans : destroying.

(ii) am/ is/was/were Gici hw` Gap _v‡K Ges subject wU hw` Doer bv nq Z‡e GKwU verb Past Participle verb em‡e :

Example : Injured students were ( keep )----untreated. Ans: kept.

2.(i) To ev  Modal Auxiliary &Gici hw` Gap _v‡K Ges subject wU hw` Doer nq Z‡e  GKwU Base From Gi verb em‡e : We should ( raise )---- consciousness.Ans: raise

( ii ) To ev Modal Auxiliary Gici hw` Gap _v‡K Ges subject wU hw` Doer bv nq Z‡e be + verb –Gi past  participle From em‡e : Foreste should not ( desttroy ) . Ans : be destroyed.

3. ( i ) g~j verb _vKvi ciI  noun/Pronoum Gi mv‡_ †Kvb Gap _vK‡j Ges H Noun/Pronoum  wU hw` Doer nq Z‡e ing hy³ GKwU verb emv‡Z cv‡i : Pepole  ( live )--- in town face many problems. Ans : living

(ii) g~j verb _vKvi ciI  noun/Pronoum Gi mv‡_ †Kvb Gap _vK‡j Ges H Noun/Pronoum  wU hw` Doer bv nq Z‡e   GKwU Past Participle verb emv‡Z cv‡i :

(Break)----- families are increasing day by day. Ans:broken.

(iii)`ywU evK¨vs‡ki g‡a¨ subject wenxb As‡ki ïiæ‡Z Gap _vK‡j Ges hw` g~j As‡ki subject H verb Gi Doer nq Z‡e ing hy&³ GKwU verb em‡e:

(iv) )`ywU evK¨vs‡ki g‡a¨ subject wenxb As‡ki ïiæ‡Z Gap _vK‡j Ges hw` g~j As‡ki subject H verb Gi Doer bv nq Z‡e  Past Participale verb em‡e:

4. be + adj/noun Gici Gap _vK‡j to+verb-Gi base form em‡e|

I am happy ( receive ) your letter. Ans : to receive

5.Preposition Gici hw` Gap Ges Gici Object _v‡K Z‡e ing hy³ GKwU verb em‡e :
Without(learn)—English, we cannot go abroad. Ans : learning

            Preposition                object

6. Preposition/Determiner Gici ev subject  ev object Gi N‡i hw` Gap _v‡K Ges hw` Ab¨†Kvb kã bv _v‡K Z‡e GKwU Noun em‡e:

Television is a common source of (amuse)----Ans : amnsement

(Pollute)---- is increasing day by day. Ans : pollution.

g‡b ivL‡Z H kã hw` verb nq Ges Zv‡K Noun Kiv bv †M‡j Infinitive ev Gerund Ki‡Z n‡e|

(Walk) – is a good exercise.

Ans: Walking/to Walk.

7. Get/Remain Gici hw` Gap _v‡K Z‡e Past Participle verb em‡e|

8. Gap Gi Dfq cv‡k Determiner ev Preposition _vK‡j GKwU verb em‡e|

The  (destroy) ---- of forests should be controlled. Ans:destruction.

9. Adjective Gici Gap   _vK‡e GKwU  Noun em‡e:

It causes ecological (imbalanced)- Ans: imbalance

10. (i) So/Too/Adverb Gici Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adjective em‡e|

I am too (weakness) – to walk. Ans. weak

10(ii) than Gi c~‡e© Gap _vK‡e GKwU adjective em‡e:

11. Linking Verb Gici Gap _vK‡j Adjective em‡e|

12. Determiner I Noun Gi gv‡S Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adjective.

Many – people gathered at Shahbag . Ans: young

13.Auxiliary Verb I g~j Verb Gi gv‡S Gap _vK‡e GKwU Adverb em‡e|

14. GKwU evK¨vs‡ki Sentence  Gi ïiæ‡Z Gap _vK‡j GKwU Adverb em‡e|

15. Intransitive Verb Gici †Kvb Gap _vK‡j GKwU   Adverb em‡e|

British eating habits have changed (significant)----Ans: significantly.

16.Transitive Verb +  Objest Gici†Kvb Gap _vK‡j GKwU   Adverb em‡e|

We learn our mother tongue (natural) ------Ans: naturally

17. `yB evK¨vs‡ki Sentence ïiæ‡Z ev  gv‡S Gap _vK‡j GKwU Conjunction  em‡e|

-he is poor, he is honest.Ans: Though  

I could not come----I was ill. Ans: because.

18.‡Kvb Phrase Gi Adjective  Gi c~‡e© Gap _vK‡j  Adverb em‡e|

I am (high)------proud of your success. Ans: highly

19.evK¨wU‡Z †Kvb verb bv _vK‡j Gap G _vK‡j GKwU verb em‡e Ges Tense Abymv‡i cwieZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e|

g‡b ivL‡e, subject wU  doer n‡j  ïiæ  Tense MZ cwieZ©b n‡e| Z‡e subject wU  doer bv n‡j  ïiæ  Tense Abyhvqx  AwZwi³ GKwU be verb +  g~j verb Gi Past Participle n‡e|

20. Tense m¤ú‡K© aviYv  AR©‡bi Rb¨ e¨vcK Abykxjb Ki‡Z n‡e|

Preposition

Pre-c~‡e© + Position-Ae¯’vb| myZivs ‡h Word ‡Kvb Noun ev  Pronoun Gi c~‡e© e‡m Sentence Gi Word Gi mv‡_ †mB Noun ev  Pronoun Gi m¤úK© wb‡`k K‡i, Zv‡K Preposition e‡j| (A Preposition is that sits before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation to some other words in the sentence.)

or, Preposition is a word or group of words before a noun or pronoun to show time, source, position etc.

wb‡Pi Sentence ¸‡jv jÿ¨ Ki t

·        The players are in the field. (‡L‡jvqvoiv gv‡V Av‡Q|)

·        The book is on the table. (eBwU †Uwe‡ji Ici|)

·        He went to school. (‡m ¯‹y‡j wM‡qwQj|)

·        The girl is between the boys. (evwjKvwU evjK‡`i gv‡S Av‡Q|)

Ic‡ii 1g ev‡K¨ in kãwU players I field Gi g‡a¨, 2q ev‡K¨ on kãwU book I table Gi g‡a¨, 3q kãwU went I school Gi g‡a¨ Ges 4_© ev‡K¨ between kãwU  girl  I boys Gi g‡a¨ Kx m¤úK© we`¨gvb  Zv cÖKvk myZivs GLv‡b in, on, to, between   k㸇jv Preposition.

Preosition Gi wKPz D`vnviYt At, in, into, by, of, with, below, under, above, from, beside, behi  BZ¨vw` |

evsjv wefw³ I Preposition : evsjv e¨vKi‡Y wKQz wefw³ i‡q‡Q  †h ¸‡jv Kvi‡Ki mv‡_ m¤ú„³| Avi GB wefw³ Bs‡iwR iƒcvšÍi Ki‡j Avgiv Preposition cvB| ZvB  QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i mn‡R †evSvi Rb¨ wefw³ I Preposition-Gi cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i GKwU wPÎ wb‡P †`Iqv n‡jv | †m¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡j Preposition Gi mwVK Ae¯’vb A‡bKUvB g‡b ivLv m¤¢e|

wefw³	Preposition
cÖ_gv ev k~Y¨ wefw³	No Preposition (He is a boy)
wØZxqv (‡K,†i, cÖwZ)	to (The house is given to Rahim.)
Z…Zxqv (Øviv, w`qv, KZ~©K)	by, with (He was killed bya boy ) (We write with pen.)
4_x© (Rb¨, wbwg‡Ë)	for (I worked for him)
5gx (nB‡Z (n‡Z),‡_‡K,‡P‡q)	from, since (His father fell from a tree.)
6ôx (i, Gi )	of (This is the pen of Kamal)
7gx (G, q,†Z, G‡Z)	in, at (He lives in Gazipur.) (He lives at a small village.)

Preposition  mvaviYZ Qq  cÖKvi| †hgb-

1.      Simple Preposition.

2.      Double Preposition

3.      Compound Preposition

4.      Phrase Preposition

5.      Participle Preposition

6.      Disguised Preposition

1. Simple Preposition:  Gi g~jZ GK  word  wewkó  preposition. †hgb- in, at, to, for, of, out, from with, by  BZ¨vw`|

2. Double Preposition:  `ywU  simple preposition  wb‡q MwVZ Preposition  ¸‡jv  Double Preposition. into (in+to), upon (up+on), within (with +in), without (with+out)  BZ¨vw`|

3. Compound Preposition: †Kvb  noun, adjective  ev  adverb  Gi c~‡e©  simple preposition  hy³ n‡q †h  Preposition  MVb K‡i, Zv‡K  Compound Preposition  e‡j| †hgb-

along= on(=a)+long, beside=by(=be)+side.

behind= by (=be)+hind, between= by (=be)+tween BZ¨vw`|

4. Phrase Preposition: †Kvb  Phrase  hLb GKwU Preposition  Gi gZ KvR K‡i,ZLb Zv‡K,  Phrase Preposition  e‡j | †hgb-

 There is a garden in front of our school.

He took Economics instead of Civics.

 GLv‡b   in front of, instead of phrase  ¸‡jv Prepositional phrase.

5. Participle Preposition: †Kvb  participle  hLb  preposition  Gi KvR K‡i, ZLb Zv‡K  Participle Preposition  e‡j| †hgb-

Regarding the matter he knows nothing.

 GLv‡b  Regarding (= about)  nj  participle preposition.

6. Disguised Preposition: ‘Disguise’ A_© QÙ†ek|  hLb‡Kvb   Preposition, ‘disguise’ A_©vr ÕQÙ‡ekÕ AvKv‡ii ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ nq, ZLb Zv‡K  Disguised Preposition  e‡j| †hgb-

The king went a (=on) hunting).

It is 5 O (=of) clock in the evening.

Ic‡ii  sentence  ¸‡jv‡Z ‘on’  Ges Õof preposition  ¸‡jv QÙ‡ek iƒ‡c ‘a’  Ges ‘o’ n‡q‡Q| myZivs GLv‡b ‘a’  Ges ‘o’ disguised preposition.

·        Preposition  Gi e¨envit

KZK¸‡jv cÖavb cÖavb Preposition  Gi e¨envi wb‡¤œ †`Iqv njt

1.     At

‡QvU ¯’vb eySv‡Z      :  He lives at Comilla.

wbw`©ó mgq eySv‡Z    : He came here at 10 a.m.

eqm eySv‡Z           :  He came to the orphanage at four.

 w`K eySv‡Z           : Please look at me.

gvÎv eySv‡Z           ; The car runs at 60 miles per hour.

 `vwqZ¡ eySv‡Z        : He did the work at his own risk.

2.     In:

eo ¯’vb eySv‡Z       : Rahim lives in Dhaka.

†Kvb wKQzi †fZ‡i Aew¯’Z eySv‡Z : He is in the drawing room .

gvm I eQi eySv‡Z   ; He was born in April in 1982.

mxgvbvi g‡a¨ eySv‡Z  : Mymensing is in the north of Bangladesh.

fwel¨rKv‡j e¨cK mgq eySv‡Z         :  he will come in a month.

Ae¯’v eySv‡Z                   :  He is in good health.

welq eySv‡Z                              : In this case I know nothing.

3.     Into:

‡Kvb wKQzi †fZ‡i cÖ‡ek  Kiv ev Kiv‡bv A‡_©t  He entered into the room.

†Kvb wKQz iƒvšÍwiZ nIqv A‡_©t Water is changed into ice.

4.     On:

‡Kvb wKQzi  DcwiZ‡ji ms¯ú‡k©  eySv‡Zt The book is on the table.

wbf©iZv eySv‡Z                       t  The cow lives on grass.

wbw`©ó w`b  ev ZvwiL eySv‡Z        t He came  on Monday.

Abymv‡i eySv‡Z                      : He forgave the boy on my request.

Dcjÿ eySv‡Z                       : He invited me on his birthday

ciciB eySv‡Z                       : On receiving the news he burst into tears.

Pvjy Kiv eySv‡Z                      : Switch on the TV.

5.     For:

‡Kvb  ¯’v‡bi w`‡K eySv‡Z           : He started for Dhaka.

Kv‡ivi Rb¨ eySv‡Z                  :I am waiting for you.

D‡Ïk¨ eySv‡Z                       : he has come here for living.

e¨vcK mgq eySv‡Z                  :  He has been ill for five days.